Xaggee Ayay Marayaan Cashuurihii Trump?
Bishii Abriil 2025, Madaxweyne Donald Trump wuxuu hirgeliyay siyaasad canshuureed ballaaran oo lagu magacaabo "America First Trade Policy," isagoo adeegsanaya Xeerka Awoodaha Dhaqaale ee Caalamiga (IEEPA). Canshuurahaan oo lagu dhawaaqay Abriil 2, 2025, isla markaana loo bixiyay “Maalinta Xoraynta,” waxay ujeedadoodu ahayd in Trump uu ku xalliyo khasaare ganacsi oo aad u wayn uu Maraykanku la leeyahay wadammada ugu dhaqaalaha waawayn caalamka.
Dhacdooyinkii u Muhiimsanaa
Canshuur 10% ah Guud Ahaan Soodajinta Badeecooyinka: Laga bilaabo Abriil 5, 2025, 10% canshuur ah ayaa la saaray dhammaan alaabaha laga keeno dibadda ee soo gala Mareykanka, marka laga reebo badeecadaha waafaqsan heshiiska USMCA (Heshiiska Mareykanka, Mexico iyo Canada), kuwaas oo ay canshuurtoodu tahay 0%. Alaabaha aan waafaqsaneyn USMCA waxay wajahaan canshuur dhan 25%. Waxa laga reebay birta, aluminiumka, gawaarida, daawooyinka, semiconductors, iyo macdanta muhiimka ah.
Canshuuraha Iskumid-ka Ah (Reciprocal Tariffs): Laga bilaabo Abriil 9, 2025, 57 waddan oo Mareykanku la leeyahay khasaaro ganacsi oo weyn ayaa la saaray canshuuro sare (11% ilaa 50%), iyadoo lagu saleynayo farqiga ganacsiga. Shiinaha waxaa laga qaaday 54%, taasoo markii dambe sare u kacday ilaa 145%, kadib markii Shiinahu uu saaray 84% canshuur celin ah oo ku wajahan badeecooyinka Mareykanka.
Canshuur Gaar ah oo Kusaabsan Alaabaha: Abriil 3, 2025, 25% canshuur ah ayaa la saaray dhammaan gawaarida la soo dhoofiyo, waxaana lagu daray qeybaha gawaarida laga bilaabo Maajo 3. Birta iyo aluminiumka waxaa la gaarsiiyay 25% dhammaan adduunka laga bilaabo Maarso 12. Waxaa sidoo kale la saaray 25% canshuur dalalka iibsada shidaalka Venezuela, taasoo si gaar ah u saameysay Shiinaha.
Saamaynta:
Canshuurahan waxay keeneen jahawareer suuqyada caalamka, iyadoo Dow Jones uu hoos u dhacay 4%, halka S&P 500 uu hoos u dhacay 5% Abriil 2, 2025. Dhaqaaleyahannadu waxay ka digeen sicir barar (koror 2% ah ee CPI) iyo suurtagalnimada hoos u dhac dhaqaale oo Mareykanka ah.
Qiimaha alaabta muhiimka ah sida elektarooniga iyo raashinka ayaa sare u kacay, iyagoo qoysaska ku kacaya $1,300 ilaa $4,900 sanadkii, iyadoo qoysaska dakhligoodu yar yahay si daran ay u saameeysay. Wax-soo dejinta waxay hoos u dhacday $800 bilyan (23%) sanadkan 2025, taasoo dhigtay $2.1 tiriliyan dakhliga canshuurta tobanka sano ee soo socda, inkastoo dhaqaalaha guud ee Mareykanka hoos uga dhacay 0.8% ilaa 1.0%.
Sidee Ayuu Caalamku Uga Jawaabay?
Shiinahu wuxuu saaray 84% canshuur celin ah, Midowga Yurub wuxuu qorsheeyay 25% canshuur ah oo lagu qaado badeecooyin Mareykan ah oo qiimahoodu gaarayo $21 bilyan. Kanada iyo Mexico waxay wadahadal u galeen ka-dhaafid heshiiska USMCA, halka dalal sida Zimbabwe iyo Nigeria ay iska ilaaliyeen canshuur celin, iyagoo raadinaya heshiisyo ganacsi. Midowga Yurub wuxuu soo jeediyay heshiis “eber-iyo-eber” canshuur ah, balse wadahadalladu way istaageen.
Xaaladdu Hadda Waa Sidee (2025)?:
Abriil 9, Trump wuxuu hakiyay inta badan canshuuraha isdhaafsiga ah (marka laga reebo kuwa Shiinaha) muddo 90 maalmood ah si wadahadal loo furo, iyadoo in ka badan 70 dal ay ka qayb qaateen. Canshuuraha Shiinaha weli waa 145%, waxaana jirta hanjabaad ah in la gaarsiin karo 245% haddii ay sii wadaan jawaab celinta caashuraha. Abriil 12 waxaa Maraykanku khafiifin ku sameeyay, ku saabsan elektarooniga sida telefoonada casriga ah. Siyaasaddan weli way socotaa, iyadoo la baarayo suurtagalnimada canshuuro cusub oo lagu saaro macdanta muhiimka ah, daawooyinka, iyo semiconductors.
